In 1888,Emile Berliner created the forerunner of modern records(discs) andrecordplayers.Vinyl records evolved from shellac to more durable vinyl in the 1930s, with the introduction of the LP format in 1948 improving sound quality and capacity. After its golden age, it declined with the rise of cassettes and CDs but revived in the 21st century for its unique sound and collectible appeal. 1888年，埃米尔-伯林纳发明了现代唱片（光盘）和唱片机。黑胶唱片从贝壳材料发展为乙烯基唱片，1948年推出LP格式提升了音质和容量，历经黄金时代后衰退，但21世纪因音质与收藏价值复兴。